Gum disease is inflammation and decay of the gum tissue and jawbone caused by the buildup of plaque and tartar (hardened plaque). Similar to tooth decay, gum disease is caused by poor oral hygiene. The same kind of microbes and food residues in the mouth settle in the “pockets” where the tooth surface and the gum line meet. Plaque then builds up in these areas and often travels below the gum line. Gum disease begins as gingivitis. The progression of this mildest form of gum disease can be quickly stopped and easily reversed with improved oral hygiene. If gingivitis is not treated, periodontitis progresses to the disease. This is a moderate to severe form of gum disease in which significant damage can occur to the gums and the jawbone that supports the teeth. In the worst case of periodontal disease, teeth begin to loosen and tooth loss can occur. Patients with periodontal disease require intervention and treatment by a dentist. Any medication he will use will not cure the disease on its own.